On weird weather’s impact on air travel
With the wet season comes a lot of thunderstorms and there have been increasing occurrences of lighting alerts around Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) that led to the grounding of many planes. That resulted in long delays and surely an inconvenience to a lot of passengers. It looks like ‘weird’ weather or extreme weather events are here to stay and may even become worse as we continue to grapple with climate change and warmer weather. I am sharing a recent article about this here:
Hoover, A. (July 13, 2023) “Weird weather is making air travel even worse,” Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/weird-weather-is-making-air-travel-even-worse/?bxid=5bd6761b3f92a41245dde413&cndid=37243643&esrc=AUTO_OTHER&source=Email_0_EDT_WIR_NEWSLETTER_0_DAILY_ZZ&utm_brand=wired&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_content=WIR_Daily_071323&utm_mailing=WIR_Daily_071323&utm_medium=email&utm_source=nl&utm_term=P4 [Last accessed: 7/14/2023]
Quoting from the article:
“But there are more complicated, invisible effects of a warming world too. Hotter air is trapped near the ground, and cooler air above. Shifts in temperature gradients affect the wind shear, or the changes in speed and direction between air near the ground and at higher elevations. These eddies create clear air turbulence, which occurs in the absence of clouds. Light turbulence can cause sudden changes in altitude that feel like bumps, but severe turbulence can cause structural stress to the aircraft.
Turbulence isn’t just unpleasant. It’s the cause of more than one third of injuries aboard air carriers, according to the US National Transportation Safety Board, and in rare instances can even lead to death.
Changing wind patterns may also alter flight lengths. If, for example, there are stronger eastward winds, flights from the US to Europe will speed up, but flights in the other direction may take longer. Transatlantic flights may even need to reroute and refuel.
Research from Paul Williams, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Reading in the UK, found that jet stream changes could increase the amount of time flights are in the sky each day, leading to more fuel burning, higher costs, and more CO2 emissions. Jet streams are high-altitude air currents that drive weather systems. As the Arctic warms, the North Atlantic Jet Stream is changing, leading to more odd weather.
But heat alone can also lead to delays and cancellations, like when a 119-degree day in Phoenix grounded planes in 2017. That’s because high temperatures decrease air density. When the air is less dense, planes need more time and distance to fight gravity as they take off—so they may need a longer runway to become airborne. Not all airports can accommodate these sudden changes.”
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Article share: What’s Incomplete About Complete Streets?
The concept of road diets circulated in Metro Manila more than a decade ago. I recall the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) picked up the concept and attempted to apply it in some parts of Metro Manila. Since there are no evidence of that endeavor surviving now, then we can assume that it was a failure. There is no wonder there as I also recall the effort to be half-hearted and more to get media mileage (cheap talk or lip service) out of it. Road diets eventually evolved into the complete streets (though the literature now will state road diets as part of complete streets). That experience and similar initiatives of varying success (or failure) rates are not unique to the Metro Manila but is actually happening elsewhere including cities in countries where the complete streets have been applied more comprehensively and yet somehow found to be lacking or not as effective a solution as expected. I am sharing an article here that discusses what seems to be lacking or ‘incomplete’ as it is referred to.
Source: What’s Incomplete About Complete Streets?
Quoting from the article:
“What’s missing? First of all, even the best Complete Streets policy can’t solve the problem of fiscal scarcity. Even in a city committed to Complete Streets, street redesign must fight for public dollars with other worthy goals such as education and public safety. As a result, Indianapolis’s improvements are a drop in the bucket. The city maintains 3,400 miles of streets and roads, so its 100 miles of bike lanes affect only 3 percent of the city. Similarly, 2,000 miles of the city’s roads still lack sidewalks.
Second, the quantitative benchmarks seem to focus on sidewalks and bike lanes (Sec. 431-806), and the policy doesn’t mention traffic calming or similar policies. So if the city had a six-lane road with traffic going 60 miles per hour, the Complete Streets policy would not affect that road except to the extent necessary to build a sidewalk or a bike lane.** Thus, even the best Complete Streets policies don’t really address some of the most dangerous features of American street design.”
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Heritage buildings in Makati City?
I noticed from last weekend’s view from our hotel room a couple of buildings that on their own could be considered landmarks in the city.
The Makati Central Fire Station could easily qualify as a heritage structure or building considering its architecture and age. If we were in Singapore, the building would already be declared as a heritage structure.
The Makati Central Post Office building is obviously newer but could be considered a landmark for the city.
If it was not obvious, these two are very much related to transportation. The fire station hosts fire engines or fire trucks that are the vehicles of firemen responding to emergencies, especially fires. The post office deploys mailmen and women on foot or vehicles to deliver the mail, parcels or packages. So its very much involved in logistics.
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Counting cars: ideal vantage points for intersections and elevated highways
The weekend found us staying at a hotel in Makati in order to be near the recital venue for our daughter. Our room afforded a nice view of the surrounding areas (we were on the 29th floor) but the traffic engineer in me gave in to the temptation to take photos of a major intersection nearby – the Gil Puyat Avenue – Ayala Avenue intersection. These are two of the most prominent streets in the Makati CBD and strategically located at one corner is the Makati City Central Post Office and a stone’s throw away is the Makati City Central Fire Station. At another corner is the RCBC tower that hosts foreign embassies including the offices of the European Union.
Intersection of Gil Puyat Avenue (formerly Buendia Avenue) and Ayala Avenue
A view of the skyway in the distance
The view of the intersection gave some flashbacks to times when I was a student and a young researcher who had to find good vantage points for collecting traffic data particularly for intersections. Aside from the movements and the corresponding counts, the junction configuration can clearly be seen from the top and useful for developing models for analysis. There was a time when we coveted such views for traffic simulation. You can can install a camera so that you can record hours of footage to use for data extraction. The video recording also allowed one to revisit the footage in case there are questions regarding the data. The same videos can also be used for image processing for more automated, even intelligent or smart data collection using computers.
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Learning to commute in Singapore
In a recent trip to Singapore, we took advantage of their excellent public transportation system to teach our daughter about commuting using public transport. It will be useful for future travels especially in countries we plan to visit that also have similar transit systems.
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| Descending to the subway station near our hotel |
At the station level, one needs some sense of direction and the layout of the station to know where to get a card or tickets and where to enter the station towards the platforms.
Station and train information are available and very visible in SMRT stations
Network maps help one plan a trip including determining where you can transfer from one line to another. While there can be many transfer stations, the key is to determine the least number of stations as presumably this will lead to less travel time. Offhand, a familiarity with stations may also be useful to determine where it is easier to transfer (i.e., same platform for two lines rather than having to walk, ascend or descend to transfer).
Singapore’s transit system employs ezlink cards for the convenience of commuters. We got one each and its nice that we got these cards with the Doraemon design.
It took only a couple of rides for our daughter to learn how to commute in Singapore. That’s how easy it was and it should be very similar if we’re traveling to Japan or Korea, even Europe at some point. The public transportation in cities in those countries are really good and easy to figure out and use. Hopefully, we can soon take her to learn how to use the LRT in Metro Manila and perhaps also the bus and jeepney. That will be an interesting experience.
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Article share: What Is Bus Rapid Transit?
I found this short article defining and describing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). I include this as a topic under public transportation in one of the graduate courses that I teach. Fortunately, I have materials for lecture coming from previous engagements concerning BRT including lectures by my former adviser who is an expert on public transportation and has studied the BRT in Curitiba, Brazil. Here is the article appearing in Planetizen:
Source: What Is Bus Rapid Transit?
Quoting from the article:
“Bus rapid transit, known as BRT, is a form of transit widely seen by transportation planning professionals and transit officials as a less costly alternative to light rail that offers a significant improvement over other fixed-route bus services that share lanes with regular traffic and makes bus service faster and more reliable.
BRT generally includes dedicated transit-only lanes or busways for at least part of the route, as well as prioritized traffic signal timing. BRT lanes are often located in the center of the roadway to limit interaction with cars, bikes, and pedestrians. In some cases, busways are elevated or underground.”
Definitions are good in that they provide us with a characterization of the system. There are many good examples of BRT particularly in South America (e.g., Curitiba and Bogota). These should be the models to replicate or adopt in Philippine cities rather than what local officials and their consultants propose and/or implement that are basically aberrations of the BRT concept.
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Another look at NAIA Terminal 1 arrivals
I have not been to NAIA Terminal 1 since before the pandemic. Last May, I had the opportunity to go there to fetch the wife who was arriving from US. That meant an opportunity to take photos of the arrival areas including the well-wishers area and concourse at the main terminal building.
Kiosks are open basically at all times the terminal is operational or open. These usually sell or serve snacks or light meals including sandwiches and pansit (noodles). While I was not able to check the prices, items were usually priced significantly higher than if you purchased them elsewhere in similar stores.
The well-wishers area is the same building with two levels. The ground level is open and the second level is air-conditioned.
A single level building hosting stores selling food and drinks stands between the waiting area and the open parking lot.
Stairs lead to the second level of the building for those who are waiting for arriving passengers (e.g., fetchers including relatives and friends).
There used to be a Jollibee branch at the second level. I assume its closure was mainly due to the pandemic as it had a steady stream of customers before.
There were few people at the second level. Either it was still very early or that there were fewer sundo these days. The parking lot is full of cars so I guess people just chose to stay near or in their vehicles or at the first level of the building.
Another look at the kiosks behind the well-wishers area
The driveway is still chaotic with drivers not following security and security often turning a blind eye to drivers taking their sweet time at the driveway.
A foreign currency exchange stall at the arrival concourse
Here’s an example of a vehicle parked or standing along the concourse instead of at the designated slots marked along the middle of the driveway.
A view of the main Terminal 1 building from the waiting building. At the bottom of the photo is the arrival concourse along the driveway. At the top is the main driveway of T1, which is used by VIPs.
The other end of the second floor used to have a Kopi Rotti branch that became an ordinary . I guess it also became a casualty of the pandemic.
Arriving passengers may cross from the terminal building to the well-wishers area before proceeding to the parking area.
Crossing to the arrival concourse, here is the perspective of arriving passengers after descending from the terminal. There’s a duty free shop here for last minute purchases.
Another view of the concourse
It seems that little has changed at the arrival and waiting areas of NAIA Terminal 1. Everything appears to be back to pre-pandemic conditions. Security is very lax and there is no indication that the grand plans drawn up for the renovation of the terminal will push through in the near future.
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Footbridges along Sumulong Highway – Part 1
There are several new pedestrian footbridges along Sumulong Highway. The intent is simple – provide a safe crossing for people considering the high volume of traffic along the highway and the high risk of being hit by vehicles. Speed is an issue here considering the highway’s slopes and curves. Footbridges present a quick solution. However, it is not necessarily the most appropriate given the objective of improving safety. Perhaps slowing down or ‘calming’ traffic is a better approach?
A new pedestrian footbridge near the San Pedro Calungsod Church. The intention is for people to use this footbridge to cross to or from the church. Considering the relatively narrow carriageway, crossing on road level is actually the shortest and most efficient way. However, the volume and speed of traffic is a major consideration here and elsewhere along Sumulong Highway.
This pedestrian overpass or footbridge near Fatima University Hospital is intended for students and staff of the university and hospital. While many, even most, use the overpass, there are a significant number of people who prefer crossing directly on the highway. Before, there were school personnel, usually a guard, who helps people cross. I don’t see them anymore. Even Antipolo does not have traffic enforcers or aides in the area.
More on these pedestrian footbridges.
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Article on “Fair Share Transportation Planning”
I am sharing this new article from Todd Litman on fair share transportation planning. The content is relevant and very timely in the Philippines considering many people including and especially transport officials are struggling with the thought of allocating resources to provide or improve facilities geared towards more equitable transport systems (e.g., more facilities for active transport).
Here’s the summary as quoted from the article:
“To be efficient and equitable, a transportation system must serve diverse demands. A diverse transportation system allows travelers to use the most efficient option for each trip—safe walking and bicycling for local errands, efficient public transit when traveling on busy travel corridors, and automobiles when they are truly the most cost-effective mode considering all impact—and it ensures that people who cannot, should not, or prefer not to drive receive their fair share of public investments.
Current transportation planning practices are biased in various ways that overinvest in automobile infrastructure and underinvest in more affordable, inclusive, and efficient modes. It is time for planners to reconsider our analysis methods and funding practices to ensure that non-auto modes, and therefore non-drivers, receive their fair share of transportation resources.
This is not anti-car. Motorists have good reasons to support more investments in non-auto modes that reduce their traffic and parking congestion, reduce their chauffeuring burdens and crash risk, and provide better options when their vehicles are unavailable. Everybody wins from a more diverse and efficient transportation system.”
On one’s exposure to noise
Here is another article on noise, relating about how it affects our health (e.g., “noise can damage your heart as well as your hearing”). The article also includes reference to an app developed by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – a sound level meter iOS app that utilizes sound energy, and has its accuracy verified in an acoustics lab.
To quote from the article something related to transport and traffic:
“As a general rule of thumb, the World Health Organization considers average road traffic noise levels above 53 decibels and average aircraft noise levels above 45 dB to be associated with adverse health outcomes, though their metrics are weighted slightly differently than the average on your screen.
Nighttime noise is considered particularly harmful because it can fragment your sleep and prompt a stress response, even if you don’t remember waking up. The W.H.O. has long recommended less than 30 dB of nighttime noise inside your bedroom for high-quality sleep.”
We tend to dismiss or take for granted the noise from transport and traffic. While it seems that it does not have an effect on our health and well-being, it will eventually catch up with us and cost us health-wise. I have downloaded and installed the NIOSH app on my phone and occasionally monitor the noise around me whether I am at home or at the office. It can get pretty loud during my commutes and I drive so am curious how loud it can be for those taking public transportation. I have experienced riding in jeepneys blaring loud music. A daily dose of that for long periods each way of the commute will surely affect one’s hearing and overall health. Exposure, after all, isn’t just about the intensity of the noise but how long you experience or endure it.
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Caught (up) in traffic 